Racism and Masculinity essays

Racism and Masculinity essays Racist violence is predominantly committed by men, but what is the relation to masculinity, in what way is this violence a "situational accomplishment of masculinity" (Kersten)? The traditional explanation would see racist men as underprivileged "victims of modernization" who compensate economic depravation or a insecure gender identity through racial violence. Recent research on young male racists in Germany has problematized this view. Typically, violent racists would come from stable middle class families (Hoffmeister and Sill); privileged youth seem more likely to be racist than non-privileged (Held); the only significant relation that could be established was between racism and a general value orientation towards success, competition, money and strength (Heitmeyer). One author summarized that racism is a consequence of "Dominanzansprche", "demands for dominance" (Rommelspacher); these youth try to meet their high demands on success and superiority, because only these seem to gua rantee a desirable, i.e. masculine, identity. It is fairly irrelevant whether they come from privileged or underprivileged families, whether they in fact are dominant or not, it's the notion that identity can only be achieved as and through dominance that makes them racists. Whether as a fantasy (belonging to a superior culture) or as realized in racial violence, dominance can equally function as identity practice. I therefore want to define dominance as a form of identity practice that constructs a difference which legitimizes dominance which grants the agent of dominance the illusion of a superior identity, the other's identity is denied, confined, erased. Dominance therefore is a relation of identities, a process of constructing the other and the same as an oppositional, hierarchical relation. It is no coincidence that sexism has been described in similar terms, because dominance is central to the concept of masculinity. B ...

9 Steps for Displaying a Living Christmas Tree

9 Steps for Displaying a Living Christmas Tree Some people  really hate to buy a tree only to turn around and throw it away. You may be one of them.  Displaying a potted  living Christmas tree  can perk up the season and can provide a tree for your yard or landscape a few days after the holiday, to commemorate an extra-special season.  A containerized Colorado blue spruce  is especially good for preserving if you live in an area where it thrives. Your local nursery can advise you on the type to purchase for your landscape. It  is not hard to keep a potted tree alive long enough to  plant,  but you need to be careful in following these recommendations exactly to improve the  trees survival chances. For one, it can be inside  only  from four to  10  days. You also need to expect to give the tree several days of your attention before and after bringing  it  inside.   Advance Prep Local nurseries will have potential conifers that can be purchased several months in advance for delivery near Christmas.  If you live in a climate where the ground  freezes, you  need to dig  a planting hole during moderate temperatures because the tree needs to be planted shortly after Christmas. No matter the climate, youll want to know where the tree will go to  ensure that it will thrive  (with the proper soil, sun, etc.). Caring for a Living Christmas Tree Your tree will come in a container with soil or as a bare-root tree that is  balled in burlap (b-n-b). If its a b-n-b tree, youll need mulch and a bucket to bring it indoors.  But first, you start in the garage. Gradually  over time, introduce your living tree from outside to inside. Take three or four days using the garage or enclosed porch for acclimatization. A tree that is dormant and exposed to immediate warmth will start to grow. You want to avoid any quick resumption of growth.  Youll also need to reverse the acclimation process exactly to plant the tree after the holiday  celebration.While the tree is on your porch or garage, check for insects and insect egg masses.Visit your nearest lawn and garden supply store and purchase a spray with an anti-desiccant or anti-wilt chemical to minimize needle loss. Use it while the tree is in the garage. This particular product also prevents  the loss of valuable moisture  for the tree coming into a climate-controlled home.  When finally taking the tree inside, locate your tree in the coolest part of the room and away from heat ducts, to keep the tree moist.Place the tree in its container in a large galvanized tub or a comparable item, keeping the  root ball  intact. Stabilize the tree in the tub in a straight and vertical position using rocks or bricks.  This tub confines water and needles into a more manageable and cleanable space. It will also contain any mess you might have and limit problems associated with a live tree inside the home.   If it is a b-n-b tree, place it in a smaller container inside the tub, if it doesnt fit the tub snugly. Fill any empty space around and on top of the root ball with mulch to retain as much moisture as possible.  Water your tree in its container directly as often as necessary to moisten the roots, but do not get them soggy. Never overwater beyond moist.Leave your tree inside no longer than seven to 10 days (some experts suggest only four days). Never add nutrients or fertilizers, as they may initiate growth, which you dont want to occur in a dormant tree.Carefully introduce tree back outside using the reverse procedure of keeping it in your garage for a few days, and then plant it in the ground.